Which process includes transcription and translation?

Which process includes transcription and translation?

• A. Protein synthesis
• B. DNA replication
• C. Cellular respiration
• D. Photosynthesis

Answer: (A)

Transcription and translation are the two stages of gene expression that turn genetic information into a functional product. In transcription, RNA polymerase reads a gene in DNA and makes messenger RNA. In translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and, with transfer RNAs delivering amino acids, assembles them into a polypeptide chain that folds into a protein. Together, these steps constitute protein synthesis—the production of proteins from genetic information. The other processes don’t describe this two-step pathway: DNA replication copies DNA, while cellular respiration and photosynthesis are energy-related metabolic pathways.

Transcription and translation are the two stages of gene expression that turn genetic information into a functional product. In transcription, RNA polymerase reads a gene in DNA and makes messenger RNA. In translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and, with transfer RNAs delivering amino acids, assembles them into a polypeptide chain that folds into a protein. Together, these steps constitute protein synthesis—the production of proteins from genetic information. The other processes don’t describe this two-step pathway: DNA replication copies DNA, while cellular respiration and photosynthesis are energy-related metabolic pathways.